3D deformation of the spine that appears before the onset of puberty and before skeletal maturity.

Scoliosis of any cause, which is diagnosed after skeletal maturity.

Fusion of the spine by an anterior approach by the thorax and/or the retroperitonal approach

A method of measuring the size of scoliotic curves expressed in degrees.

In spinal deformity, a secondary curve located above or below the structural curvature, which develops in order to maintain normal body alignment.

Scoliosis due to bony abnormalities of the spine present at birth. These anomalies are classified as failure of vertebral formation and/or failure of segmentation.

In scoliosis, this refers to loss of spinal balance when the thoracic cage is not centred over the pelvis.

3D curvatures (scoliosis) in the same spine. Double major curve: describes a scoliosis in which there are two structural curves, which are often of equal size. Double thoracic curve: a scoliosis with a structural upper thoracic curve, as well as a larger, more deforming, lower thoracic curve, and a relatively non-structural lumbar curve.

A structural 3D spinal curvature for which cause has not been established yet.

3D curvature of the spine that develops before three years of age.

3D curvature of the spine that develops between the ages of three and ten years

A structural scoliosis associated with increased roundback.

A posterior convex angulation of the spine as evaluated on a side view of the spine. Contrast to lordosis.

An anterior angulation of the spine in the sagittal plane. Contrast to kyphosis.

A spinal curvature whose apex is between the first and fourth lumbar vertebrae (also known as lumbar scoliosis).

A spinal curvature whose apex is between the first and fourth lumbar vertebrae (also known as lumbosacral scoliosis).

A form of scoliosis caused by a neurologic disorder of the central nervous system or muscle.

Description of a spinal curvature or scoliosis that does not have fixed residual deformity.

A technique of stabilizing two or more vertebrae by bone grafting.

The first or earliest curve to appear.

Used to indicate pelvic maturity, this refers to the appearance of a crescentic line of bone formation, which appears across the top of each side of the iliac crest. Used for global appreciation of skeletal maturity.

A proprietary name for an inclinometer used in measuring the gibbosity (proeminence).

3D deformation of the spine which, when measured by X-ray, is greater than ten degrees. In most of the cases, it also shows a rotation of the vertebrae within the curve.

An anterior displacement of a vertebra on the adjacent lower vertebrae.

A segment of the spine that has fixed 3D curvature.

Any spinal curvature in which the apex of the curve is between the second and eleventh thoracic vertebrae.

Any curvature that has its apex at the twelfth thoracic or first lumbar vertebrae.

Pre-load polyarticular system composed of vertebrae, separated by discs and bound together by ligaments.